Publication Ethics & Malpractice Statement

We follow the general principles set by COPE because they provide a clear, sensible framework for responsible publishing. That includes honesty in reporting results, respecting patient data, making sure authorship is accurate, and ensuring conflicts of interest are openly declared.

A few points we take particularly seriously:

• Originality: Submissions must be the authors’ own work and not under review elsewhere.

• Data Integrity: Results should be reported as they are—no manipulation that could mislead readers.

• Human and Patient Data: Any study involving patients, protected data, or clinical environments must show proper approvals and safeguards.

• Authorship: All listed authors should have made a meaningful contribution, and no one should be added or removed without a clear reason.

• Conflicts of Interest: Authors must disclose anything that could influence interpretation or trust.

If ethical issues arise, we follow COPE’s recommended steps for investigation and resolution. The aim is fairness—to authors, reviewers, and readers.